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〜なくして

JLPT N1 Condition and dependency

without; if there were no

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なくして means that without one thing, another would be impossible. Attach it to a noun, often followed by は. It is formal and emphasizes that the first is an essential precondition for the second.

Examples

  • Doryoku nakushite seikou wa nai.

    Without effort, there is no success.

  • なかっ

    Mina no kyouryoku nakushite wa, kono keikaku wa jitsugen dekinakatta.

    Without everyone's cooperation, this plan could not have been realized.

Vocabulary in these examples

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