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The literary and archaic patterns of essays, speeches, and formal writing:
immediacy (〜が早いか), inevitability (〜を余儀なくされる), extremity
(〜の極み), and classical forms (〜べからず, 〜ごとし). Each has a
plain-English explanation and two examples. Tap a pattern to expand it.
Also see N2 grammar .
Immediacy and timing 即時・タイミング 0/5 〜が早いか as soon as; no sooner than 〜なり as soon as; the moment 〜そばから no sooner than; as fast as (repeatedly) 〜や否や as soon as; the instant 〜を皮切りに starting with; beginning from
Condition and dependency 条件・依存 0/6 〜なくして without; if there were no 〜あっての made possible only by; thanks to 〜とあれば if it is the case that; if (for the sake of)
Inevitability and compulsion 不可避・強制 0/6 〜ずにはおかない will inevitably; won't leave it without 〜てやまない can't stop; sincerely (do) 〜んがため in order to; for the sake of
Extremity and degree 極限・程度 0/6 〜の極み the height of; the extreme of 〜の至り the height of; utmost 〜限りだ extremely; couldn't be more 〜に堪えない cannot bear to; not worth
Concession and contrast 譲歩・対比 0/5 〜ものを if only; and yet (regret/reproach) 〜はおろか let alone; not to mention 〜にもまして more than; even more than
Emphasis and listing 強調・列挙 0/5 〜たりとも not even one; not the slightest 〜といい〜といい both... and... (in every respect)
Manner and accompaniment 様態・付帯 0/6 〜ながらに while; as it is (unchanged state) 〜かたわら while also; on the side 〜がてら while; on the way to; combining with 〜まみれ covered in; smeared with 〜ずくめ entirely; full of; all (the same) 〜めく to show signs of; to become -like
Formal and literary 硬い・文語 0/7 〜をもって with; by means of; as of 〜にあって in; at; under (a situation) 〜とあって because (a special situation) 〜べからず must not; do not (prohibition) 〜まじき unbecoming; that should never be Keep going You've got the N1 patterns. Drill them with a quick quiz, or see everything else at N1 in one place.